Le probleme de l'autorite du ministere de la culture et sa resolution par la communication : les operations 1990 - 1992

The problem of the ministry of culture 's authority and its resolution through communication : operations from 1990 until 1992

• Auteur / Autrice : Serge Graziani
• Direction : Lucien Sfez
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Science politique
• Date : Soutenance en 1997
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 1

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Politique culturelle

France

Thèses et écrits académiques

Politique publique

Centralisation administrative

Communication en politique

Résumé

De 1990 a 1992, le ministere de la culture a mis en oeuvre une procedure connue sous le nom ''d'operations'' : celles-ci entendent, au nom de l'egalite d'acces a la culture, organiser sous le label du ministere l'ensemble de l'action des operateurs publics de developpement culturel (collectivites locales, associations). Faisant suite a la commemoration du bicentenaire de la revolution, les operations se repartissent tout au long de l'annee selon des thematiques differentes : en ce sens, elles conduisent a une mobilisation permanente tant des services du ministere que des administrations des collectivites locales sur ces objectifs. Notre hypothese consiste a demontrer que loin d'oeuvrer a la diffusion de la culture, les operations tendent a resoudre le probleme d'autorite que rencontre le ministere. Ne disposant ni du monopole de l'action en cette matiere, ni des credits suffisants pour mener a bien sa propre mission, le ministere est contraint d'imposer, sous couvert de la rationalite manageriale, ses propres logiques d'interet a l'ensemble des operateurs publics de facon a ce que ceux-ci agissent en son nom. Le processus est fonde sur deux principes : celui de la composition des forces, c'est a dire des ressources financieres et humaines, et celui de la monopolisation de la communication. Grace a cette derniere, l'opinion publique apparait convaincue que le ministere est l'instigateur de chacune des manifestations locales, ce qui en renforce l'autorite politique. Ainsi, au dela de l'apparente modernite des operations, on retrouve les traits caracteristiques de l'action de l'etat : le centralisme, le conflit centre / peripherie, la monopolisation de la parole. L'autorite du ministere, devenant vecteur de sa legitimite, apparait alors comme le veritable ressort de sa strategie d'action.

From 1990 until 1992, the ministry of culture has started a procedure known as ''operations''. These mean, in the name of equality of access to culture, to organize under the direction of the ministry, the totality of the actions of public operators in order to develop culture (local collectivities / associations). Following the commemoration of the french revolution's bicentinary, these operations spread all year long, according to different : in this way, they lead to a permanent activity of the services of the ministry and the local collectivities. Our hypothesis consists to demonstrate than far from playing a role in the diffusion of culture, these operations conduce to resolve the problem of authority met by the ministry. Without having the monopole of the action in this matter and without enough credits in order to lead its own mission, the ministry is obliged to dictate, under the fact of managerial rationality, its own logical interests to the whole public operators. In that way, these one will act under its cover. Process is based upon two principles : the composition of strenghs, it means financial and human ressources, and the monopole of communication. Owing to that one, the public opinion seems to be convinced that the ministry is the instigator of the local events. By this way, the political authority is becoming stronger. So, beyond the look of modernity of these operations, we can find again the specific lines of the states's action : centralism, conflict between center and suburb, monopole of the speech. The ministry's authority, becoming the garantee of its legitimity, seams as the realasee of its strategy of action.